National Aeronautics and Space Administration

G.Projector 3 — Map Projection Explorer

User's Guide: List of Map Projections

Following is a list of the map projections that may be viewed and saved by G.Projector as of version 3.4.2, along with alternative names and also some parameter-specific and other special cases. Sample images of an Earth topographical map are linked for each unique projection.

Projection Name	Notes
Adams Hemisphere in a Square	Conformal.
Adams Orthembadic	See Quartic Authalic.
Adams World in a Square I	Conformal.
Adams World in a Square II	Conformal.
Airy	Azimuthal, minimum-error.
Airy (Two Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Aitoff	Polyconic, equally spaced parallels.
Aitoff Equal-Area	See Hammer.
Aitoff (Oblique)	Alternative display of above projection allowing for oblique, transverse, and plagal aspects.
Aitoff Stereographic	See Pseudo-Stereographic.
Aitoff-Wagner	See Wagner IX.
Albers Equal-Area Conic	Conic.
American Polyconic	Polyconic, equal-area, elliptical meridians.
American Polyconic (Global)	Alternative display of above projection showing the entire globe.
Apian I	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, circular meridians, pole line. Central hemisphere is identical to that of the Ortelius Oval.
Apian II	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, elliptical meridians.
Apian II (Two-Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Arden-Close	Cylindrical.
Armadillo	See Raisz Armadillo.
Atlantis	See Mollweide (Oblique) and set λ0 = -30°, ϕ0 = 45°, and third rotation 90°. Usually shown with vertical orientation.
August Epicycloidal	Conformal.
Azimuthal Equal-Area	Azimuthal, equal-area.
Azimuthal Equal-Area (Two-Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Azimuthal Equidistant	Azimuthal.
Azimuthal Equidistant (Two-Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Azimuthal Far-Side Perspective	Azimuthal.
Baar Sine Series	Series of equal-area pseudocylindrical projections deriving from input parameters ϕts and a.
Babinet	See Mollweide.
Bacon Globular	Pseudocylindric.
Bacon Globular (Two-Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Baker Dinomic	Fusion; joins the Mercator and a specially derived projection at ±45°. Usually shown interrupted
Balthasart	See Cylindrical Equal-Area and set ϕts = 50°.
Baranyi I	Pseudocylindric, pole line.
Baranyi II	Pseudocylindric, point pole.
Baranyi III	Pseudocylindric, pole line.
Baranyi IV	Pseudocylindric, point pole.
Baranyi V	Pseudocylindric, point pole.
Baranyi VI	Pseudocylindric, point pole.
Baranyi VII	Pseudocylindric, point pole.
Bartholomew	See Winkel Tripel and specify Bartholomew scaling.
Bartholomew Nordic	See Nordic.
Bartholomew Tetrahedral	Pole-centered fusion; joins the Azimuthal Equidistant in central circle to a modified Stabius-Werner II in three lobes at 23.5°N.
Behrmann	See Cylindrical Equal-Area and set ϕts = 30°.
Berghaus Star	Pole-centered fusion; joins the Azimuthal Equidistant in central hemisphere to five lobes with straight edges at 0°N.
Bertin-Rivière	Approximation of the Bertin 1953.
Boggs Eumorphic	Arithmetic average of the sinusoidal and Mollweide projections. Pseudocylindric, equal-area. Often shown interrupted.
Bomford Modified Gall	See Gall-Bomford Pseudocylindrical.
Bonne	Pseudoconic, equal-area.
BonneBonne Regional	Non-global version of Bonne projection.
Bottomley	Equal-area
Braun Perspective	Cylindrical.
Braun Stereographic	See Cylindrical Stereographic and set ϕts = 0°.
Breusing Geometric	Azimuthal.
Breusing Geometric (Two-Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Breusing Harmonic	Azimuthal.
Breusing Harmonic (Two-Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Briesemeister	See Hammer (Oblique) and set λ0 = 10°, ϕ0 = 45°, and third rotation 0°, and enable Briesemeister scaling.
Bromley	See Mollweide and enable Bromley scaling.
Brooks-Roberts	See Van Der Grinten III.
BSAM Cylindical	See Cylindrical Stereographic and set ϕts = 30°.
BSE Modified Polyconic	See Ginzburg VI.
Cabot	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, elliptical meridians.
Canters	See Canters Polyconic W14.
Canters Polyconic W07	See Wagner VII and select Canters Optimization (W07) variant.
Canters Polyconic W08	See Wagner VIII and select Canters Optimization (W08) variant.
Canters Polyconic W09	See Wagner IX and select Canters Optimization (W09) variant.
Canters Polyconic W12	Polyconic, low-error, pole line.
Canters Polyconic W13	Polyconic, low-error, equally-spaced parallels, pole line.
Canters Polyconic W14	Polyconic, low-error, equally-spaced parallels, 2:1 ratio of axes, pole line.
Canters Polyconic W20	Polyconic, low-error, constant scale along the axes, oblique, pointed meta-pole.
Canters Polyconic W21	Polyconic, low-error, constant scale along the axes, oblique, pointed meta-pole.
Canters Polyconic W31	Polyconic, low-error, constant scale along the equator, pole line.
Canters Polyconic W32	Polyconic, low-error, constant scale along the equator, pointed pole.
Canters Pseudocylindric W01	See Wagner I and select Canters Optimization (W01) variant.
Canters Pseudocylindric W02	See Wagner II and select Canters Optimization (W02) variant.
Canters Pseudocylindric W06	See Wagner VI and select Canters Optimization (W06) variant.
Canters Pseudocylindric W15	Pseudocylindric, low-error, pole line.
Canters Pseudocylindric W16	Pseudocylindric, low-error, pole line.
Canters Pseudocylindric W17	Pseudocylindric, low-error, pole line.
Canters Pseudocylindric W19	Pseudocylindric, low-error, pointed pole.
Canters Pseudocylindric W33	Pseudocylindric, low-error, pointed pole, optimized for land areas excluding Antarctica.
Canters Pseudocylindric W34	Pseudocylindric, low-error, pointed pole, optimized for land areas.
Cassini	Transverse cylindric.
Cassini-Soldner	See Cassini.
Central Cylindrical	Cylindrical.
Clarke Twilight	Azimuthal far-side perspective.
Compact Miller	Cylindrical.
Cordiform	See Bonne and set ϕ0 = 90°. Same as Stabius-Werner II.
Craster Cylindric	See Smyth Equal-Surface.
Craster Parabolic	See Parabolic.
Cylindrical Equal-Area	Cylindric, equal-area.
Cylindrical Equal-Area (Oblique)	Alternative display of the Cylindrical Equal-Area projection allowing for oblique, transverse, and plagal aspects.
Cylindrical Equidistant	See Equirectangular.
Cylindrical Stereographic	Cylindric.
Deakin Minimum-Error	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, pole line.
Delisle Conic	See Equidistant Conic.
Denoyer Semi-Elliptical	Pseudocylindric.
Double Cordiform	Pseudoconic, equal-area.
Eckert I	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, rectilinear meridians, pole line.
Eckert II	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, rectilinear meridians, pole line.
Eckert III	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, elliptical meridians, pole line.
Eckert IV	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, elliptical meridians, pole line.
Eckert V	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, sinusoidal meridians, pole line.
Eckert VI	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, sinusoidal meridians, pole line.
Eckert-Greifendorff	Polyconic, equal-area.
Equal Earth	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, pole line. Similar to Robinson.
Equidistant Conic	Conic, equally spaced parallels.
Equirectangular	Cylindric, equidistant.
Equirectangular Regional	Non-global version of Equirectangular projection.
Equirectangular (Oblique)	Oblique version of Equirectangular Regional projection.
Érdi-Krausz	Fusion; joins a flat-polar sinusoidal and Mollweide at ±60°.
Euler	Conic, equally spaced parallels.
Fahey	Pseudocylindric.
Fairgrieve	See Mollweide (Oblique) and set λ0 = 45°, ϕ0 = 0°, and third rotation 45°.
Fisher Icosahedron	See Gnomonic Icosahedron.
Foucaut Sinusoidal	Weighted arithmetic mean of the cylindrical equal area and sinusoidal projections. Pseudocylindric, equal-area.
Foucaut Stereographic	Pseudocylindric, equal-area.
Fournier I Globular	Polyconic.
Fournier I Globular (Two-Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Fournier II	Pseudocylindric.
Frančula II	See Wagner IX and select Frančula II variant.
Frančula IV	See Wagner IX and select Frančula IV variant.
Frančula V	See Wagner VII and select Frančula V variant.
Frančula VII	See Wagner VI and select Frančula VII variant.
Frančula XI	See Wagner VI and select Frančula XI variant.
Frančula XIII	See Wagner IX and select Frančula XIII variant.
Frančula XIV	See Wagner VII and select Frančula XIV variant.
Gall Isographic	See Equirectangular and set ϕts = 45°.
Gall Orthographic	See Cylindrical Equal-Area and set ϕts = 45°.
Gall Stereographic	See Cylindrical Stereographic and set ϕts = 45°.
Gall-Bomford Pseudocylindrical	Pseudocylindric.
Gall-Peters	See Gall Orthographic.
Gilbert Two-World	—
Ginzburg I	Azimuthal, similar to Azimuthal Equal-Area.
Ginzburg I (Two Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Ginzburg II	Azimuthal, similar to Azimuthal Equal-Area.
Ginzburg II (Two Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Ginzburg IV	Polyconic.
Ginzburg V	Polyconic.
Ginzburg VI	Polyconic.
Ginzburg VIII	Pseudocylindric.
Ginzburg IX	Polyconic.
Ginzburg 1966	See Ginzburg IX.
Gnomonic	Gnomonic, azimuthal.
Gnomonic Cubed Sphere	Gnomomic, polyhedral.
Gnomonic Icosahedron	Gnomomic, polyhedral.
Goode Homolosine	Fusion; joins the Sinusoidal and Mollweide at ±40°44'. Usually shown interrupted.
Gott Equal-Area Elliptical	Equal-Area.
Gott-Mugnolo Azimuthal	Azimuthal.
Gott-Mugnolo Azimuthal (Two-Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Gott-Mugnolo Elliptical	See Gott Equal-Area Elliptical and enable Gott-Mugnolo scaling.
Gott-Wagner	See Wagner IX and select Gott-Wagner variant. Polyconic, equally spaced parallels, pole line.
Gringorten	Quincuncial, equal-area.
GS50	See Snyder GS50.
Guyou	Conformal.
Györffy A	Pseudocylindric, minimum-error, point pole.
Györffy B	Pseudocylindric, minimum-error, point pole.
Györffy D	Minimum-error, point pole.
Györffy E	Minimum-error, point pole.
Györffy F	Minimum-error, point pole.
Hammer	Polyconic, equal-area.
Hammer Azimuthal	Far-side perspective azimuthal.
Hammer (Oblique)	Alternative display of Hammer projection allowing for oblique, transverse, and plagal aspects.
Hammer-Aitoff	See Hammer.
Hammer-Wagner	See Wagner VII.
Hatano Asymmetric	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, elliptical meridians.
Hatano Symmetric	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, elliptical meridians.
HEALPix	Fusion; joins the Cylindrical Equal-Area and Collignon at ±41°71'. Interrupted for all but the H=1 case.
Hexafoliate Equal-Area	Pole-centered fusion: joins the Azimuthal Equal-Area in central hemisphere to a modified Stabius-Werner II in six lobes at 0°N.
Hexafoliate Equidistant	Pole-centered fusion: joins the Azimuthal Equidistant in central hemisphere to a modified Stabius-Werner II in six lobes at 0°N.
Hill Eucyclic	Polyconic, equal-area. Note: identical to Eckert IV for K = ∞.
Hobo-Dyer	See Cylindrical Equal-Area and set ϕts = 37.5°.
Hölzel	Pseudocylindric.
Homalographic	See Mollweide.
Homolographic	See Mollweide.
Hufnagel	Series of equal-area pseudocylindrical projections deriving from input parameters A, B, Ψmax and α.
Hufnagel I	See Hufnagel and set A = 0.0, B = 0.0, Ψmax = 90°, α = 2. Identical to Mollweide.
Hufnagel II	See Hufnagel and set A = 0.055556, B = -0.055556, Ψmax = 90°, α = 2.
Hufnagel III	See Hufnagel and set A = 0.5, B = 0.055556, Ψmax = 90°, α = 2.
Hufnagel IV	See Hufnagel and set A = 0.083333, B = -0.083333, Ψmax = 90°, α = 2.
Hufnagel V	See Hufnagel and set A = 0.095238, B = -0.0.095238, Ψmax = 60°, α = 2. Similar to Eckert VI.
Hufnagel VI	See Hufnagel and set A = 0.0, B = 0.0, Ψmax = 60°, α = 2. Identical to Wagner IV.
Hufnagel VII	See Hufnagel and set A = 0.083333, B = -0.083333, Ψmax = 60°, α = 2.
Hufnagel VIII	See Hufnagel and set A = 1.0, B = 0.0, Ψmax = 45°, α = 2. Identical to Eckert IV.
Hufnagel IX	See Hufnagel and set A = 0.666667, B = 0.333333, Ψmax = 45°, α = 2.
Hufnagel X	See Hufnagel and set A = -0.666667, B = 0.666667, Ψmax = 30°, α = 2.
Hufnagel XI	See Hufnagel and set A = 0.0, B = -0.111111, Ψmax = 90°, α = 2.
Hufnagel XII	See Hufnagel and set A = 0.0, B = -0.111111, Ψmax = 40°, α = 2..44.
James Azimuthal	Azimuthal far-side perspective.
James-Clarke	See James Azimuthal and select Clarke's projection point distance.
Kamenetskiy I	See Cylindrical Stereographic and set ϕts = 55°.
Kamenetskiy II	See BSAM Cylindrical.
Kavraisky II	Conic, equally spaced parallels.
Kavraisky V	Pseudocylindric, equal-area.
Kavraisky VI	See Wagner I.
Kavraisky VII	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, elliptical meridians, pole line.
Kharchenko-Shabanova	Cylindrical.
Lagrange	See Lambert-Lagrange.
La Hire	See Azimuthal Far-Side Perspective and set D = 1.70711.
Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area	See Azimuthal Equal-Area.
Lambert Conformal Conic	Conic, conformal.
Lambert Cylindrical Equal-Area	See Cylindrical Equal-Area and set ϕts = 0°.
Lambert-Lagrange	Conformal.
Larrivée	—
Littrow	Retroazimuthal.
Logarithmic Azimuthal	Azimuthal.
Lowry	See Azimuthal Far-Side Perspective and set D = 1.6858.
Loximuthal	Pseudocylindric.
Marinus	See Equirectangular and set ϕts = 36.5°.
Maurer SNo. 73	See Hill Eucyclic and set K=0.
Maurer SNo. 159 Full Globular	Polyconic.
Maurer SNo. 160 Apparent Globular	Polyconic.
Maurer SNo. 187 All-Globular	—
Maurer SNo. 231	Pole-centered fusion: joins the Azimuthal Equal-Area in central hemisphere to six lobes with reflected scaling at 0°N.
Mayr	Geometric mean of the cylindrical equal area and sinusoidal projections. Pseudocylindric, equal-area.
McBryde P3	Fusion; joins the Parabolic and M.T. Flat-Polar Parabolic at ±49°20'. Often shown interrupted.
McBryde Q3	Fusion; joins the Quartic Authalic and M.T. Flat-Polar Quartic at ±52°9'. Often shown interrupted.
McBryde S2	Fusion; joins the Sinusoidal and Eckert VI at ±49°16'. Often shown interrupted.
McBryde S3	Fusion; joins the Sinusoidal and McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Sinusoidal at ±55°51'. Often shown interrupted.
McBryde-Thomas I	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, sinusoidal meridians.
McBryde-Thomas II	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, sinusoidal meridians, pole line.
McBryde-Thomas III	See McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Sinusoidal
McBryde-Thomas IV	See McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Quartic
McBryde-Thomas V	See McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Parabolic
McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Parabolic	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, parabolic meridians, pole line. Often shown interrupted.
McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Quartic	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, quartic meridians, pole line. Often shown interrupted.
McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Sinusoidal	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, sinusoidal meridians, pole line. Often shown interrupted.
Mercator	Cylindrical, conformal.
Mercator Orbis Imago	See Double Cordiform and set Λc = 70°.
Miller Cylindrical	See Miller Cylindrical I
Miller Cylindrical I	Cylindrical.
Miller Cylindrical II	Cylindrical.
Miller Modified Mercator (a)	See Miller Cylindrical II
Miller Modified Mercator (b)	See Miller Cylindrical I
Miller Oblated Stereographic	Minimum-error.
Miller Perspective Compromise	Cylindrical.
Moir	See Times Atlas.
Mollweide	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, elliptical meridians. Often shown interrupted.
Mollweide Equidistant	See Apian II and select full-global option.
Mollweide (Oblique)	Alternative display of above projection allowing for oblique, transverse, and plagal aspects.
Murdoch I	Conic, equally spaced parallels.
Murdoch III	Conic, equally spaced parallels.
Natural Earth I	Pseudocylindric, orthophanic, pole line.
Natural Earth II	Pseudocylindric, pole line.
Nell	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, pole line.
Nell-Hammer	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, pole line.
Nicolosi Globular	Polyconic.
Nicolosi Globular (Two-Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Nordic	See Hammer (Oblique) and set λ0 = 0°, ϕ0 = 45°, and third rotation 0°.
Ordinary Polyconic	See American Polyconic.
Ortelius Oval	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, circular meridians, pole line. Central hemisphere is identical to that of the Apian I.
Orthographic	Azimuthal, perspective view.
Orthographic (Two-Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Orthophanic	See Robinson.
Oxford Atlas - Polyconic	See Winkel Tripel and specify Oxford Atlas scaling.
Oxford Atlas - Pseudocylindrical	See Gall-Bomford Pseudocylindrical.
Parabolic	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, parabolic meridians.
Parent I	See Azimuthal Far-Side Perspective and set D = 1.59436.
Parent II	See Azimuthal Far-Side Perspective and set D = 1.73205.
Parent III	See Azimuthal Far-Side Perspective and set D = 2.105.
Patterson Cylindrical	Cylindrical.
Pavlov	Cylindrical.
Peters	See Gall Orthographic.
Peirce Quincuncial	Quincuncial, conformal.
Petermann Star	Pole-centered fusion: joins the Azimuthal Equidistant in central hemisphere to eight lobes with straight edges at 0°N.
Philbrick Sinu-Mollweide	Fusion; joins the Mollweide and Sinusoidal at 30°S. Equal-area.
Plate Carrée	See Equirectangular and set ϕts = 0°.
Polyconic	See American Polyconic.
Postel	See Azimuthal Equidistant.
Pseudo-Orthographic	Pseudocylindric.
Pseudo-Stereographic	Polyconic.
Putniņš P1	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, elliptical meridians.
Putniņš P1'	See Wagner VI.
Putniņš P2	Pseudocylindric, elliptical meridians.
Putniņš P2'	See Wagner IV.
Putniņš P3	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, parabolic meridians.
Putniņš P3'	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, parabolic meridians, pole line.
Putniņš P4	See Parabolic.
Putniņš P4'	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, parabolic meridians, pole line.
Putniņš P5	Pseudocylindric.
Putniņš P5'	Pseudocylindric, pole line.
Putniņš P6	Pseudocylindric, hyperbolic meridians.
Putniņš P6'	Pseudocylindric, hyperbolic meridians, pole line.
Quartic-Authalic	Pseudocylindric, equal-area. May be shown interrupted.
Raisz Armadillo	Orthoapsidal.
Raisz Half Ellipsoidal	Orthoapsidal
Rectangular Polyconic	Polyconic.
Renner-Apian	Pseudocylindric. Variant of Apian II global that shows Northern Hemisphere as two half-hemisphere lobes.
Robinson	Pseudocylindric, orthophanic, pole line.
Sanson-Flamsteed	See Sinusoidal.
Siemon I	See Loximuthal.
Siemon II	See Wagner I.
Siemon III	See Quartic Authalic.
Siemon IV	Pseudocylindric, equal-area. Variant of Quartic Authalic. May be shown interrupted.
Sinucyli	Weighted blend of the Sinusoidal and Equal-Area Cylindrical projections. Pseudocylindric, equal-area.
Sinusoidal	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, sinusoidal meridians. Often shown interrupted.
Sinu-Mollweide	See Philbrick Sinu-Mollweide.
Smyth Equal-Surface	See Cylindrical Equal-Area and set ϕts = 37.07144°.
Snyder GS50	Minimum-error.
Snyder Minimum-Error Flat Pole	Pseudocylindric, minimum-error, pole line.
Snyder Minimum-Error Pointed Pole	Pseudocylindric, minimum-error.
Solov'ev Modified Bonne	Specific, non-global variant of the Bonne. Pseudoconic.
Solov'ev Perspective Cylindrical	Oblique, cylindric.
Spilhaus Oceanic	See Hammer (Oblique) and set λ0 = 15°, ϕ0 = -70°, and third rotation 90°. Usually shown with vertical orientation.
Spilhaus Oceanic (Conformal)	Oblique, transverse case of the August Epicycloidal projection. Usually shown with vertical orientation.
Stabius-Werner	See Stabius-Werner II
Stabius-Werner I	Polyconic, equal-area.
Stabius-Werner II	See Bonne and set ϕ0 = 90°.
Stabius-Werner III	Polyconic, equal-area.
Stereographic	Azimuthal, conformal.
Stereographic (Two-Hemisphere)	Alternative display of above projection that shows entire globe as two side-by-side hemispheres.
Strebe Equal-Area	Polyconic, equal-area.
Tilted Perspective	Perspective view. Note: Identical to Orthographic if "tilt" = 0..
Times Atlas	Pseudocylindric.
Tobler Cylindrical I	Cylindrical.
Tobler Cylindrical II	Cylindrical.
Tobler Foucaut	See Foucaut Sinusoidal.
Tobler G1	Weighted geometric mean of the cylindrical equal area and sinusoidal projections. Pseudocylindric, equal-area.
Tobler Hyperelliptical	Pseudocylindrical, equal-area.
Tobler World in a Square	See Cylindrical Equal-Area and set ϕts = 55.654°.
Transverse Mercator (Sphere)	—
Trystan Edwards (corrected)	See Cylindrical Equal-Area and set ϕts = 37.4°.
TsNIIGAiK 1959-1949 Modified Polyconic	See Ginzburg IV.
TsNIIGAiK 1944 Pseudocylindrical	See Ginzburg VIII.
TsNIIGAiK 1950 Modified Polyconic	See Ginzburg V.
TsNIIGAiK BSE Modified Polyconic	See Ginzburg VI.
Urmayev Cylindrical II	Cylindrical.
Urmayev Cylindrical III	Cylindrical.
Urmayev Sinusoidal	Series of equal-area, pseudocylindric projections with sinusoidal meridians, all having a pole line except for the b = 1 case. Note: identical to Wagner I if b = 0.866; identical to Cylindrical Equal-Area for ϕts = 28° if b = 0; compressed horizontally from classic Sinusoidal if b = 1.
USGS Daisy	Two-hemisphere pole-centered fusion; joins the Azimuthal Equal-Area in polar circle to a Transverse Mercator in twelve lobes at ±75°N.
Van der Grinten I	Polyconic, circular meridians, parallels.
Van der Grinten II	Polyconic, circular meridians, parallels.
Van der Grinten III	Pseudocylindric, circular meridians.
Van der Grinten IV	Polyconic, circular meridians and parallels.
Vertical Perspective	Azimuthal, perspective view. Note: identical to Orthographic if D = ∞.
Vitkovsky I	Conic, equally spaced parallels.
Wagner I	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, sinusoidal meridians, pole line.
Wagner II	Pseudocylindric, sinusoidal meridians, pole line.
Wagner III	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, sinusoidal meridians, pole line.
Wagner IV	Pseudocylindric, equal-area, elliptical meridians, pole line.
Wagner V	Pseudocylindric, elliptical meridians, pole line.
Wagner VI	Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, elliptical meridians, pole line.
Wagner VII	Polyconic, equal-area, pole line.
Wagner VII RC	Polyconic, equal-area, pole line. Variant of Wagner VII with "rounded corners" (meeting points of outer meridians and pole line).
Wagner VIII	Polyconic, pole line.
Wagner IX	Polyconic, equally spaced parallels, pole line.
War Office	See Rectangular Polyconic.
Werenskiold I	See Putniņš P4'.
Werenskiold II	See Wagner I.
Werenskiold III	See Wagner IV.
Werner	See Bonne and set ϕ0 = 90°. Same as Stabius-Werner II.
Wiechel	Pseudoazimuthal.
William-Olsson	Pole-centered fusion: joins the Azimuthal Equal-Area in central circle to a modified Stabius-Werner II in four lobes at 20°N.
Winkel I	Arithmetic average of the Equirectangular and Sinusoidal projections. Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, sinusoidal meridians, pole line.
Winkel II	Arithmetic average of the Equirectangular and Apian II projections. Pseudocylindric, equally spaced parallels, elliptical meridians, pole line.
Winkel Tripel	Arithmetic average of the Equirectangular and Aitoff projections. Polyconic, equally spaced parallels, pole line.
Winkel-Snyder	Arithmetic average of the Equirectangular and Mollweide projections.

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