Publication Abstracts
Zhu et al. 2025
Zhu, Y., G. Mann, W. Randel, P.A. Newman, V. Aquila, E. Asher, T.J. Aubry, E.M. Bednarz, A. Bourassa, M. Bramberger, A.H. Butler, S. Carn, M. Clyne, L. Coy, E. Gerber, P. Inchin, A.Y. Karpechko, S. Khaykin, B. Legras, H. Liu, A.C. Maycock, O. Morgenstern, F.F. Østerstrøm, I. Quaglia, K. Rosenlof, M.L. Santee, M.R. Schoeberl, G. Stenchikov, K. Stone, G. Taha, C. Thompson, O.B. Toon, , X. Wang, K. Wargan, D.M. Wilmouth, C.J. Wright, W. Yu, J. Yue, and Z. Zhuo, 2025: Executive summary. In The Hunga Volcanic Eruption Atmospheric Impacts Report, APARC Report No. 11, WCRP Report No. 10/2025. Y. Zhu, G. Mann, P.A. Newman, and W. Randel, Eds., pp. xxiii-xxix, doi:10.34734/FZJ-2025-05237.
On 15 January 2022 a highly explosive eruption of the Hunga volcano occurred in the Kingdom of Tonga in the South Pacific Ocean (175°24' W, 20$deg33' S). The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 6 eruption originated from a shallow submarine vent, making it distinct from large subaerial eruptions of recent decades (e.g., 1982 El Chichón, 1991 Mt. Pinatubo). In particular, seawater enhanced explosivity and dampened sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. The eruption was the culmination of ∼1 month of precursory activity; however, the timing and size of the eruption were unexpected, partly due to the challenges of monitoring submarine volcanoes. The stratospheric hydration caused by the eruption was unprecedented in magnitude, altitude, and duration in the satellite record.
This Executive Summary reflects the current assessment of the Hunga eruption and its impact on the climate system. We report key observations of the eruption and its aftermath, as well as simulations of its impact by global chemistry-climate models. The Hunga eruption had an unprecedented impact on the stratosphere and mesosphere due to the plume height and large water content, which increased the global stratospheric water vapour burden by 10%. Most of this water has remained in the atmosphere into 2025. However, Hunga's net impact on surface climate was small compared to that of earlier large-magnitude volcanic eruptions, due to limited sulfate aerosol loading in the stratosphere and the high altitude of the water vapour injection.
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BibTeX Citation
@inbook{zh02600k,
author={Zhu, Y. and Mann, G. and Randel, W. and Newman, P. A. and Aquila, V. and Asher, E. and Aubry, T. J. and Bednarz, E. M. and Bourassa, A. and Bramberger, M. and Butler, A. H. and Carn, S. and Clyne, M. and Coy, L. and Gerber, E. and Inchin, P. and Karpechko, A. Y. and Khaykin, S. and Legras, B. and Liu, H. and Maycock, A. C. and Morgenstern, O. and Østerstrøm, F. F. and Quaglia, I. and Rosenlof, K. and Santee, M. L. and Schoeberl, M. R. and Stenchikov, G. and Stone, K. and Taha, G. and Thompson, C. and Toon, O. B. and Tsigaridis, K. and Wang, X. and Wargan, K. and Wilmouth, D. M. and Wright, C. J. and Yu, W. and Yue, J. and Zhuo, Z.},
editor={Zhu, Y. and Mann, G. and Newman, P. A. and Randel, W.},
title={Executive summary},
booktitle={The Hunga Volcanic Eruption Atmospheric Impacts Report},
year={2025},
pages={xxiii--xxix},
doi={10.34734/FZJ-2025-05237},
}
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RIS Citation
TY - CHAP ID - zh02600k AU - Zhu, Y. AU - Mann, G. AU - Randel, W. AU - Newman, P. A. AU - Aquila, V. AU - Asher, E. AU - Aubry, T. J. AU - Bednarz, E. M. AU - Bourassa, A. AU - Bramberger, M. AU - Butler, A. H. AU - Carn, S. AU - Clyne, M. AU - Coy, L. AU - Gerber, E. AU - Inchin, P. AU - Karpechko, A. Y. AU - Khaykin, S. AU - Legras, B. AU - Liu, H. AU - Maycock, A. C. AU - Morgenstern, O. AU - Østerstrøm, F. F. AU - Quaglia, I. AU - Rosenlof, K. AU - Santee, M. L. AU - Schoeberl, M. R. AU - Stenchikov, G. AU - Stone, K. AU - Taha, G. AU - Thompson, C. AU - Toon, O. B. AU - Tsigaridis, K. AU - Wang, X. AU - Wargan, K. AU - Wilmouth, D. M. AU - Wright, C. J. AU - Yu, W. AU - Yue, J. AU - Zhuo, Z. ED - Zhu, Y. ED - Mann, G. ED - Newman, P. A. ED - Randel, W. PY - 2025 TI - Executive summary BT - The Hunga Volcanic Eruption Atmospheric Impacts Report SP - xxiii EP - xxix DO - 10.34734/FZJ-2025-05237 ER -
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