Publication Abstracts
Kawatani et al. 2025
Kawatani, Y., K. Hamilton, S. Watanabe, M. Taguchi, F. Serva, J.A. Anstey, J.H. Richter, N. Butchart, , S.M. Osprey, H. Naoe, D. Elsbury, C.-C. Chen, J. García-Serrano, A. Glanville, T. Kerzenmacher, F. Lott, F.M. Palmerio, M. Park, S. Versick, and K. Yoshida, 2025: QBOi El Niño-Southern Oscillation experiments: Overview of the experimental design and ENSO modulation of the QBO. Weather Clim. Dyn., 6, no. 4, 1045-1073, doi:10.5194/wcd-6-1045-2025.
The Atmospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (APARC) Quasi-Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi) has conducted new experiments to explore the modulation of the QBO by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This paper provides an overview of the experimental design and investigates the modulation of the QBO by ENSO using nine climate models used in QBOi. A key finding is a consistent lengthening of the QBO period during La Niña compared to El Niño across all models, aligning with observational evidence. Although several models simulate QBO periods that deviate from the observed mean of approximately 28 months, the relative difference between La Niña and El Niño remains interpretable within each model. The simulated QBO periods during La Niña tend to be longer than those during El Niño, although, in most models, the differences are small compared to that observed. However, the magnitude of this lengthening shows large inter-model differences. By contrast, even the sign of the ENSO effect on QBO amplitude varies among models. Models employing variable parameterized gravity wave sources generally exhibit greater sensitivity of the QBO amplitude to the presence of ENSO than those models using fixed sources. The models capture key observed ENSO-related characteristics, including a weaker Walker circulation and increased equatorial precipitation during El Niño compared to La Niña, as well as a characteristic response in zonal mean zonal wind and temperature. All models also simulate stronger equatorial tropical upwelling in El Niño compared to La Niña up to ∼10 hPa, consistent with ERA5 reanalysis. These modulations influence the propagation and filtering of gravity waves. Notably, models with variable parameterized gravity wave sources show stronger wave forcing during El Niño, potentially explaining the shorter QBO period modulation in these models. Further investigation into the complex interplay between ENSO, gravity waves, and the QBO can contribute to improved model formulations.
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BibTeX Citation
@article{ka05500d,
author={Kawatani, Y. and Hamilton, K. and Watanabe, S. and Taguchi, M. and Serva, F. and Anstey, J. A. and Richter, J. H. and Butchart, N. and Orbe, C. and Osprey, S. M. and Naoe, H. and Elsbury, D. and Chen, C.-C. and García-Serrano, J. and Glanville, A. and Kerzenmacher, T. and Lott, F. and Palmerio, F. M. and Park, M. and Versick, S. and Yoshida, K.},
title={QBOi El Niño-Southern Oscillation experiments: Overview of the experimental design and ENSO modulation of the QBO},
year={2025},
journal={Weather Clim. Dyn.},
volume={6},
number={4},
pages={1045--1073},
doi={10.5194/wcd-6-1045-2025},
}
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RIS Citation
TY - JOUR ID - ka05500d AU - Kawatani, Y. AU - Hamilton, K. AU - Watanabe, S. AU - Taguchi, M. AU - Serva, F. AU - Anstey, J. A. AU - Richter, J. H. AU - Butchart, N. AU - Orbe, C. AU - Osprey, S. M. AU - Naoe, H. AU - Elsbury, D. AU - Chen, C.-C. AU - García-Serrano, J. AU - Glanville, A. AU - Kerzenmacher, T. AU - Lott, F. AU - Palmerio, F. M. AU - Park, M. AU - Versick, S. AU - Yoshida, K. PY - 2025 TI - QBOi El Niño-Southern Oscillation experiments: Overview of the experimental design and ENSO modulation of the QBO JA - Weather Clim. Dyn. VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 1045 EP - 1073 DO - 10.5194/wcd-6-1045-2025 ER -
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